Thursday, January 2, 2014

Rajyaseva Mains Syllabus

General Studies: Paper I
1.  HISTORY: 1.1  History of Modern India (1818-1857) particularly Maharashtra:Introduction of modern education - Press, Railway, Post and Telegraph, Industries, Land reforms and Socio-religious reforms – Its impact on society.
1.2  Establishment  of  British  Rule  in  India: Wars  against  major  Indian  powers,  Policy  of  subsidiary  alliance, Doctrine of Lapse, Structure of British Raj upto 1857.
1.3  Socio-Cultural  Changes: Contacts  with  Christian  Missions,  coming  of  English  education  and  the  Press, Official-social  reform  measures  (1828  to  1857).  Socio-religious  reform  movements:  Brahmo  Samaj, Prarthana Samaj, Satyashodhak Samaj, Arya Samaj. Reform movements among the Sikhs and the Muslims, Depressed Classes Mission, Non-Brahmin movement and Justice Party.
1.4  Social and economic awakening:Indian Nationalism - 1857 revolt and after, Indian National Congress (1885- 1947), Azad Hind Sena, Role of important personalities, Role of Press and Education in social awakening in pre- independent India.
1.5  Emergence  and  growth  of  Indian  nationalism  :  Social  background,  formation  of  National  Associations,Peasant  uprisings,  foundation  of  Indian  National  Congress, the  moderate  phase,  growth  of  extremism, Morley-Minto reforms, Home Rule movement, Lucknow pact, Mont-Ford reforms.
1.6  National  movement  in  Gandhi  Era: Gandhiji’s  leadership  and  ideology  of  resistance,  Gandhian  mass movements,  Non-cooperation,  Civil  Disobedience,  individual  Satyagraha,  Quit  India  movement. Satyashodhak Samaj, Gandhiji and removal of untouchability, Dr. B.R.Ambedakar’s approach to problem of untouchability,  Muslim  politics  and  Freedom  movement  (Sir  Syed  Ahmed  Khan  and  Aligarh  movement, Muslim  League  and  Ali  Brothers,  Iqbal,  Jinnah),  Unionist  Party  and  Krishak  Praja  Party,  Politics  of  Hindu Mahasabha, Communists and the Indian freedom struggle, Congress Socialist Party, Women in the National movement,  States’  Peoples'  movements,  Leftist Movement  – Peseant  Movement -  Tribal uprising,  Trade Union Movement and Adivasi Movement.
1.7  India  after  Independence: Consequences  of  Partition,  Integration  of  Princely  states,  Linguistic reorganisation  of  states,  Nehru’s  Policy  of  Non-alignment.  Samyukta  Maharashtra  movement:  major political  parties  and  personalities  involved  therein,  Relations  with  neighbouring  countries,  India’s  role  in International Politics. Progress  in Agriculture, Industry, Education, Science and Technology.  Emergence of Indira  Gandhi’s  Leadership,  Liberation  of  Bangladesh,  Non-Alignment  under  Indira  Gandhi,  Coalition Governments  in  States;  Students’  unrest,  Jayaprakash  Narayan  and  Emergency.  Terrorism  in  Panjab  and Assam. Naxalism and Maosim, Environmental Movement, Women’s Movement and Ethnic Movement.
1.8  Selected  Social  Reformers  of  Maharashtra-  their  ideology  and  work: Gopal  Ganesh  Agarkar,  Mahatma Phule,  M.G.  Ranade,  Prabodhankar  Thakare,  Maharshi  Karve,  Rajarshi  Shahu  Maharaj,  Maharshi  Vitthal Shinde,  Babasaheb  Ambedkar,  Lokmanya  Tilak,  Mahatma  Gandhi,  Vinoba  Bhave,  Vinayak  D.  Sawarkar, Annabhau Sathe, Krantiveer Nana Patil, Lahuji Salve, Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil.
1.9  Cultural Heritage of Maharashtra (Ancient to Modern) :Performing Arts (Dance, Drama, Films, Music and Folk Arts, Lavani, Tamasha, Povada, Bharud, and other folk dances), Visual Arts (Architecture, Painting and Sculpture) and Festivals. Impact of Literature on socio - psychological development of Maharashtra: Bhakti, Dalit, Urban and Rural Literature.


2.    GEOGRAPHY–    WITH SPECIAL    REFERENCE    TO   MAHARASHTRA:2.1  Physical  Geography:  Interior  of  the  earth-  composition  and  physical  conditions.  Factors  controlling landform development. Concept of geomorphic cycles-  landforms associated with fluvial, arid, glacial, and coastal  cycle.  Evolution  and  Geomorphology  of  the  Indian  Subcontinent-  Major  physiographic  regions  - Problems  of  floods  -  Physiographic  details  of  Maharashtra.  Geomorphic  features  of  Maharashtra.  India's strategic location with reference to her neighbours,Indian Ocean Rim, Asia and the World.
2.2  Economic Geography of Maharashtra:  Minerals and Energy Resources: Their distribution, importance and development  in  Maharashtra.   Tourism  in  Maharashtra  –  Religious  Tourism,  Medicinal  Tourism,  EcoTourism  and  Cultural  Heritage.  Reserved  forests,  Animal  sanctuaries,  National  Parks  and  Forts  in Maharashtra, Tiger Project.
2.3  Human  and  Social  Geography  of  Maharashtra: Migration  of  population,  causes  and  effects,  sugarcane cutting labourers - effects of migration on source and destination areas. Rural settlements in Maharashtra. Problems  of  Urban and  Rural  Settlements  – Environmental, Housing, Slum, Water Supply and  Sanitation, Urban Traffic and Pollution.
2.4  Environmental  Geography:  Ecology  and  Ecosystem-  energy  flow,  material  cycle,  food  chain  and  webs. Environmental  degradation  and  conservation,  global  ecological  imbalances-  pollution  and  Greenhouse effect,  role  of  CO2  and  methane  in  greenhouse  effect,  global  warming,  reduction  in  bio-diversity  and depletion of forests. Environmental laws and environmental impact assessment. Kyoto protocol and Carbon credits. Urban waste management. CRZ I and CRZ II.
2.5  Population Geography (with reference to Maharashtra): Causes and consequences of migration. Rural and Urban  settlements-  site,  situation,  types,  size,  spacing  and  morphology.  Urbanisation-  process  and problems. Rural – Urban Fringe, and sphere of urban influence. Regional imbalances.
2.6  Remote  Sensing:  Concept  of  remote  sensing.  Indian  Remote  Sensing  (IRS)  satellites.  Imageries-  IRS products,  MSS  bands-  blue,  green,  red  and  near  infra  red,  False  Colour  Composite  (FCC).  Application  of remote  sensing  in  natural  resources.  Introduction  to  Geographical  Information  System  (GIS)  and  Global Positioning System (GPS).


3.        GEOGRAPHY AND    AGRICULTURE:     3.1  Agroecology: Agroecology and its relevance to man, natural resources, their sustainable management and conservation.  Physical  and  social  environment  as  factors  of  crop  distribution  and  production.  Climatic elements as factors of crop growth. Environmental pollution and associated hazards to crops, animals and humans.
3.2  Climate:  Atmosphere-  composition  and  structure.  Solar  radiation  and  heat  balance.  Weather  elements- temperature,  pressure,  planetary  and  local  winds,  monsoon,  air  masses  and  fronts  and  cyclones. Mechanism of Indian monsoon, monsoon forecast, distribution of rainfall, cyclones, droughts and floods, and climatic regions. Distribution of Rainfall in Maharashtra - spatial and temporal variability - Agroclimatic zones of Maharashtra - Problem of Drought and scarcity, DPAP (Draught Prone Area Programme) –Water requirement in Agricultural, Industrial and Domestic Sectors. Problem of Drinking Water. Cropping pattern
in  different  agro-climatic  zones  of  Maharashtra.  Impact  of  high-yielding  and  short-duration  varieties  on shifts in cropping pattern. Concepts of multiple cropping, and inter-cropping and their importance. Modern concepts of organic farming, sustainable agriculture.
3.3  Soils: Soil-physical, chemical and biological properties. Processes and factors of soil formation. Mineral and organic  constituents  of  soil  and  their  role  in  maintaining  soil  productivity.  Essential  plant  nutrients  and other beneficial elements in soils and plants Problem soils and their reclamation methods. Problems of soil erosion and degradation in Maharashtra. Soil conservation planning on watershed basis. Erosion and runoff management in hilly, foot hills and valley lands; processes and factors affecting them.
3.4  Water  management:  Present  scenario,  Methods  and  importance  of  water  conservation.  Water quality standards.  Interlinking  of  rivers  in  India.  Conventional  and  non-conventional  methods  of  rainwater harvesting.  Groundwater  management-  technical  and  social aspects,  Methods  of  artificial  groundwater recharge. Concept of watershed and watershed management. Dryland agriculture and its problems. Wateruse efficiency in relation to crop production, waysand means of reducing run-off losses of irrigation water. Drip and sprinkler irrigation. Drainage of water-logged soils, effect of industrial effluents on soil and water.


General Studies: Paper II

1.  The Constitution of India:Making of the Constitution, Salient Features of the Constitution. Philosophy  of  the  Preamble  -  (Secular  democratic  and  socialist),  Fundamental  Rights  and  Duties  -  Directive Principles  of  State  Policy,  Free  and  Compulsory  primary  education,  Uniform  Civil  Code,  and Fundamental  Duties.  Centre  -  State  relations  and  Formation  of  New  States.  Independent  Judiciary. Amendment  Procedure  and  Major  Amendments  to  the  Constitution:  Landmark  Judgments  used  for interpreting  the  Constitution.  Structure  and  Functions  of  major  Commissions  and  Boards:  Election Commission,  Union  and  State  Public  Service  Commissions,  National  Women's  Commission,  Human Rights Commission, National Minorities S.C./S.T. Commission - River Water Dispute Settlements Board etc.
2.  The Political System (Structure, Powers and Functions ofGovernments): Nature of Indian Federation - Union & State- Legislatures, Executive & Judiciary. Union-State Relationship- Administrative, Executive and Financial Relationships. Distribution of Legislative powers, Subjects.
(1)  The Central Government -The Union Executive: President- Vice-President  - Prime  Minister and Council of Ministers - Attorney General of India - Comptroller and Auditor General of India
(2)  The  Union  Legislature  - Parliament,  Speaker  and  Dy.  Speaker  -  Parliamentary  Committees  - Parliament's Control over Executive.
(3)  Judiciary: Organisation  of  Judiciary  -  Integrated  Judiciary  -  Functions  -  Role  and  Power  of  the Supreme  Court  and  High  Court  -  Subordinate  Courts  –  Lokpal,  Lokayukt  and  Lok  Nyayalaya  - Judiciary  as  a  watch-dog  protecting  the  Constitutional  Order-  Judicial  Activism,  Public  Interest Litigation.
3.  State  Government  and  Administration  (With  Special  Reference  to  Maharashtra)  – Formation  and Reorganisation of Maharashtra State, Governor, Chief Minister, Council  of  Ministers, Chief Secretary, State Secretariat, Directorates, Legislative Assembly, Legislative Council, - Powers, Functions and Role - Legislative Committees. Sherrif of Mumbai.
4.  District  Administration -  Evolution  of  District  Administration,  Changing  role  of  the  District  Collector: Law and Order, Relationship with functional Departments.District Administration and the Panchayati Raj Institutions. Role and Functions of the Sub-Divisional Officer.
5.  Rural  and  Urban  Local  Government:  Significance  of  73rd and  74th  Amendment  to  the  Constitution. Empowerment of local government and their role in development.
(1)  Rural Local Government,Composition, Powers and Functions of Zilla Parishad, Panchayat Samiti and Gram Panchayat. Peculiarities of Panchayat Raj Institutions of Mahrashtra, Status Report of Panchayat  Raj  Institutions  and  its  Performance  Appraisal.  Main  features  of  73rd  Constitutional Amendments.  Problems  of  implementation.  Major  rural  development  programmes  and  their management.
(2)  Urban  Local  Government, Composition  and  Functions  of  Municipal  Corporations, Municipal Councils and Cantonment Boards. Structure, Officials, Resources, Powers- Functions and Controls. Main  features  of  74th  Constitutional  Amendments:  Problems of  implementation.  Major  urban development programmes and their management.
6.  Educational  System  : Directive  Principles  of  State  Policy  and  Education;  Educational  Problems  of Disadvantaged  Sections-  Scheduled  Castes,  Scheduled  Tribes,  Muslims  and  Women;  Privatization  of education  -  issues  of  access  to  education,  merit,  quality,  and  social  justice;  General  Agreement  on Trade  in  Services  (GATS)  and  emerging  issues,  Challenges  in  Higher  Education  today.  Sarva  Shiksha Abhiyan, Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan.
7.  Parties and Pressure Groups:Nature of Party system - Role of National Parties - Ideology, organisation  and  electoral  performance  -  Political  Parties  and  their  Social  Bases.  Regionalism-  Rise  of  Regional Parties; Ideology, Organisation and electoral performance - Major Pressure Groups and Interest Groups in Maharashtra - their Role and impact on Policy making.Programmes of Social Welfare in Maharashtra :  Women  and  Children;  Labour;  and  Youth.  Non-Government  Organizations  and  their  Role  in  Social Welfare.
8.  The Media:Print and Electronic Media - its impact on policy making, shaping of the public opinion and educating the people. Press Council of India. Code of conduct for Mass media in a secular democracy like  India.  The  portrayal  of  women  in  the  main  stream  mass  media:  Facts  and  Norms.  Freedom  of speech and expression, and limitation thereof.
9.  The  Electoral  Process: Main  features  of  Electoral  process  -  single  member  territorial  Constituencies. Reserved constituencies for weaker sections - Adult Franchise - Role of Election Commission - General Elections - Major trends – Patterns of Voting behaviour - and Factors influencing the voting behaviour - Problems and difficulties in conducting Free and Fair Elections - Electoral Reforms. EVMs.
10. Administrative  Law:  Rule  of  law.  Administrative  Discretion  and  its  control  and  Judicial  Review. Administrative Tribunals, their establishment and functioning. Principles of Natural Justice.
11. Central and State Government Privileges:Section 123 of the Indian Evidence Act, Official Secrets Act, RTI and its impact on Official Secrets Act.
12. Some Pertinent Laws:
(1)  Environmental Protection Act, 1986:Object, Machinery and Measures provided therein.
(2)  The Consumer Protection Act, 1986:Definitions - Consumer Disputes - Redressal Machinery.
(3)  Right to Information Act, 2005:Rights of Applicants, duty of Public Authority, exceptions to the information.
(4)  Information Technology Act - 2000 (Cyber Law): Definitions – Authorities – offences.
(5)  The Prevention of Corruption Act: Object, Machinery and Measures provided therein.
(6)  Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention ofAtrocities) Act 1989:  Object, Machinery and Measures provided therein.
(7) Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention ofAtrocities) Rules 1995: Object, Machinery and Measures provided therein.
(8) Protection of Civil Rights Act 1955: Object, Machinery and Measures provided therein.
13. Social  Welfare  and  Social  Legislation:  Social  Legislation  as  an  instrument  of  Social  Change;  Human Rights.  Protection  to  Women  under:  The  Constitution  of  India  and  Criminal  Law  (CrPC),  Domestic Violance  (Prevention)  Act,  The  Protection  of  Civil  Rights  Act,  1955,  The  Scheduled  Castes  and  the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 and TheRight of Information Act, 2005.
14.Public Services :  All India Services, Constitutional position, role and  functions. Central Services: nature and  functions.  Union  Public  Service  Commission.  State  Services  and  the  Maharashtra  State  Public Service  Commission.  Training  in  the  changing  context  of governance-  YASHDA,  Lal  Bahadur  Shastri Academy of Administration, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy.
15. Control  over  Public  Expenditure: Parliamentary  Control,  Estimates  Committee,  Public  Accounts Committee, Committee on Public Undertakings, Office of the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India,  Role  of  the  Finance  Ministry  in  monetary  and  Fiscal  policy,  Composition  and  function  of Accountant General, Maharashra.


General Studies Paper III
1. HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT 1.1  Human Resource Development in India -Present status of population in India - quantitative aspect (size and growth - Sex, Age, Urban and Rural) and qualitative aspects (Education and Healthcare). Population policy and projection upto 2050. Importance and need of Human Resource planning in modern society. Components and factors involved in planning of Human Resources. Nature, types and  problems  of  unemployment  in  India,  Trends  of  Employment  in  India,  Demand  estimate  of  skilled manpower in different Sectors and Areas. Governmental and Voluntary Institution engaged in development of manpower e.g. NCERT, NIEPA, UGC, OpenUniversities, AICTE, NCTE, ITIs, NCVT, IMC, etc. Problems and issues related to HRD. Govt. employment policy, various schemes to reduce unemployment and underemployment.
1.2  Education: Education  as  a  tool  of  HR  development  and  social  change.  Education  (Pre-primary  to Higher  Education)  system  in  India.  Problems  and  issues  (Universalisation  of  education, vocationalisation of education, Quality improvement, Dropout rate etc.) Education for Girls, Socially and  Economically  underprivileged  classes,  Handicapped, Minorities,  Talent  Search  etc.   Govt.
policies,  Schemes  and  programms  for  Education.  Govt.  and  Voluntary  Agencies  involved  in promoting, regulating and monitoring Formal, Non-formal and Adult education. e-Learning. Impact of  globalisation  and  privatisation  on  Indian  education.  National  Knowledge  Commission,  National Commission for Higher Education and Resaearch, IITs, IIMs,NITs.
1.3  Vocational  Education: As  a  tool  of  HR  development.  Vocational/Technical  Education-  Present status,  systems  and  training  in  India  particularly  in  Maharashtra.  Govt.  policies,  schemes  and programs  –  Problems,  issues  and  efforts  to  overcome  them. Institutes  involved  in  promoting, regulating, accrediting vocational and Technical Education.
1.4  Health: As  an  essential  and  major  component  of  HRD,  Vital  Statistics,  World  Health  Organisation (WHO)  -  objectives,  structure,  functions  and  its  programmes.  Govt.  Health  policies,  schemes  and programmes, Healthcare system in India. Problems and issues related to Healthcare and efforts to overcome them. Janani-Bal Suraksha Yojana. National Rural Health Mission.
1.5  Rural  Development: Empowerment  of  panchayat  Raj  system.   Village  Panchayat and  its  role  in Rural  development,  Land  reforms  and  development,  Role  of  cooperative  institutes  in  Rural Development,  Financial  Institutes  involved  in  Rural  Development,  Rural  Employment  Schemes, Rural  Water  Supply  and  Sanitation  programs.  Infrastructure  development  e.g.  Energy, Transportation, Housing and communication in rural area. National Rural Employment Guarantee
Scheme (NREGS).

2.  HUMAN RIGHTS: 2.1  Universal  Declaration  of  Human  Rights  (UDHR  1948)-  International  human  rights  standards,  its reflections in Indian constitution, mechanism to enforceand protect Human Rights in India. Human Rights Movement in India. Problems related to human rights deprivations such as poverty, illiteracy, unemployment,  social-cultural-religious  practices,  violence,  corruption,  terrorism,  exploitation  of labour, custodial crimes etc. Need, for training in and  practising of human rights and human dignity in a democratic set up. Globalisation and its impacton different sections of Indian Society. Human Development Index, Infant Mortality Ratio, Sex Ratio.
2.2  Child  Development: problems  and  issues  (Infant  mortality,  Malnutrition,  Child  labour,  Children education  etc.)  -  Government  Policies,  welfare  schemes  and programs  -  Role  of  international agencies, Voluntary Organisations Community resources. People participation in their Welfare.
2.3  Women Development -problems and issues (Gender inequality, Violence against women, Girl child Infanticide/Foeticide, Empowerment of Women  etc.)- Government Policy, schemes and  programs for  development  /  welfare  and  empowerment  -  Role  of  international  agencies,  Voluntary Organisations and Community resources. People’s participation in their development. AASHA.
2.4  Youth  Development: problems  and  issues  (Unemployment,  unrest,  drug  addiction  etc.)  - Government  Policy  -  development  schemes  and  programs  -  Role  of  international  agencies, Voluntary Organisations and Community resources. People’s participation in their development.
2.5  Tribal  Development: problems  and  issues  (Malnutrition,  isolation,  integration  and  development etc.) - Tribal movement - Government Policy, welfare schemesand programs- Role of international agencies,  Voluntary  Organisations  and  Community  resources.  People’s  participation  in  their Welfare.
2.6  Development  for  Socially  deprived  classes  (SC,  ST,  VJ/NT,  OBC  etc.  )  - problems  and  issues (inequality in opportunity etc.) - Government Policy, welfare schemes and development programs - Role of international agencies, Voluntary Organisations  and Resource mobilsation and Community participation.
2.7  Welfare  for  aged  People- problems  and  issues  -  Government  Policy  -  welfare  schemes  and programs - Role of international agencies, Voluntary Organisations and Community participation for their development. Utilisation of their services in developmental activities.
2.8  Labour Welfare -problems and issues (working conditions, wages, health and problems related to organised and unorganised sectors) - Government Policy, welfare schemes and programs - Role of international agencies, community and Voluntary Organisations.
2.9  Welfare  of  disabled  persons  -  problems  and  issues  (inequality  in  educational  and  employment opportunity  etc.)  -  Government  Policy,  welfare  schemes  and  programs  -  Role  of  international agencies, Voluntary Organisations in employment and rehabilitation.
2.10 People’s  Rehabilitations  -  (People  affected  by  Development  projects  and  Natural  Calamities.)  – Strategy  and  programs  –  Legal  Provisions  –  Consideration  of  different  aspects  like  economic, cultural, social, psychological etc.
2.11 International and Regional Organisations:  United Nations and its specialised agencies – UNCTAD, UNDP,  ICJ,  ILO,  UNICEF,  UNESCO,  UNCHR,  EU,  APEC,  ASEAN,  OPEC,  OAU,  SAARC,  NAM, Commonwealth of Nations and European Union.
2.12 Consumer Protection:Salient features of the existing act- Rights of consumers- Consumer disputes and  redressal  machinery,  Different  kinds  of  Forums-    Objectives,  Powers,  functions,  procedures, Consumer Welfare Fund.
2.13 Values and Ethics:  Fostering of social norms, values, ethics through formal  and informal agencies such as family, religion, education, media etc.



General Studies Paper IV

1. ECONOMY AND PLANNING 1.1  Indian  Economy -  Challenges  in  Indian  Economy  -  Poverty,  Unemployment  and  Regional  Imbalances. Planning: Process - Types - Review of India's  First to Tenth Five year Plans. Evaluation. Social and Economic Indicators of Development. State and Local Level Planning. Decentralisation - 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments.
1.2  Urban and Rural Infrastructure Development:Need and Significance. Growth and Development of Social and economic infrastructure such as Energy, Water supply and sanitation, Housing, Transport (Road, Ports etc.), Communications (Post and Telegraphs,Telecommunication), Network of Radio, TV, Internet. Crises, problems related to Infrastructure inIndia. Policy alternatives- Public-Private Sector  Partnership  (PPP).  FDI  and  Infrastructure  Development-  Privatisation  of  infrastructure
development.   Centre  and  State  Government  Policies  for  Infrastructure  Development.   Transport and  Housing  (Urban  and  Rural).  Problems  -  Centre  and  State Government  initiatives  and programmes. BOLT and BOT schemes.
1.3  Industry: Need  -  importance  and  role  of  industries  in  economic  and  social  development,  Growth Pattern, Structure of Large-scale  Industries in India with  special reference to Maharashtra. Smallscale,  Cottage  and  Village  industries,  their  problems and  prospects.  Impact  of  liberalisation, privatisation  and  globalisation  on  SSIs.   Maharashtra’s  Policy,  measures  and  programmes  for development,  promotion  and  monitoring  of  SSIs.  Export  Potential  of  Small  scale  and  cottage industries. SEZs, SPVs.
1.4  Co-operation:Concept, Meaning, Objectives, Old and new principles of co-operation. Growth and diversification of co-operative movement in India. Co-operative institution in Maharashtra – types, role, importance and diversification. State policy and Co-operative sector - Legislation, Supervision, Audit and Aid. Problems of Co-operatives in Maharashtra.  Prospects of Cooperatives in the era of global  competition. Review,  reforms  and  prospects  of  cooperative  movement  in  Maharashtra  – Alternative policy initiatives in agricultural marketing- Employment Guarantee Scheme.
1.5  Economic reforms:Background, Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation – (concept, meaning, scope and limitations). Economic Reforms at Centre and State Level. WTO Regime - Provisions and its implications and impact on Indian Economy, issuesand problems.
1.6  International Trade and International Capital Movements:Emerging Trends in era of globalisation. Growth, Composition and Direction of India's Foreign Trade. Foreign trade policy of India - Export Promotion. WTO and International Trade. Foreign Capital  Inflows - Composition and Growth - FDI. e-Commerce.   Role  of  Multinationals  -  International  Financing  Agencies  –  (IMF,  World  Bank  and IDA). International Credit Ratings.
1.7  Measurement and estimate of poverty– Poverty line: concept and facts, BPL, poverty eradication measures – fertility, nuptiality, mortality and morbidity in India - gender empowerment policies.
1.8  Factors  determining  employment -  measures  of  unemployment  -  relation  between  income, poverty and employment - issues of distributional and social justice.
1.9  Economy  of  Maharashtra: salient  features  of  agriculture,  industry  and  service  sectors  -  drought
management in Maharashtra - FDI in Maharashtra.

2.  ECONOMICS OF DEVELOPMENT AND AGRICULTURE 2.1  Macro  Economics:  Methods  of  national  income  accounting.  Functions  of  money  -  base  money  - high-power  money  -  quantity  theory  of  money  -  money  multiplier.  Monetary  and  non-monetary theories of inflation - control of inflation: monetary, fiscal and direct measures.
2.2  Public Finance and Financial Institutions:Role  of public finance in market economy - Criteria for public investment. Merit goods and public goods- sources of revenue and expenditure (Centre and State) -forms of taxes and subsidies and their incidence and effects.- tax, non-tax and public debt of Centre  and  States  in  India.   Public  Expenditure  (Centre  and  States)  -  Growth  and  causes.  Public
Expenditure  Reform  -  Performance  Based  Budgeting  and  Zero  Based  Budgeting.  Zero-base budgeting - types of budget deficits - internal and external borrowings. Review of Tax Reforms at national  and  State  level.  VAT.  Public  debt  -  Growth,  Composition  and  Burden.  Problem  of  States' Indebtedness  to  Centre.  Fiscal  Deficits  -  Concepts,  Control  of  Deficits  -  Centre,  State  and  RBI
Initiatives. Fiscal Reforms in India - Review at Centre and State Level. Financial sector reforms - new trends in banking - real and nominal interest rates - repo and reverse repo transactions.
2.3  Growth, Development and International Economics:
(1)  Indicators  of development-  sustainable development- development and environment - Green GDP.
(2)  Factors of economic development:natural resource, population, human capital, infrastructure - theory of demographic transition- Human development index - human poverty index – gender empowerment measure
(3)  Role of foreign capital and technology in growth - multi-national corporations.
(4)  International trade as an engine of growth - theories of international trade
(5)  IMF-IBRD-WTO - Regional Trade Agreements - SAARC - ASEAN.
2.4  Indian Agriculture, Rural Development and Cooperation:
(1)   Role of agriculture in economic development - interrelationship between agriculture, industry and  services  sectors  -  contract  farming  -  precision  farming  –  corporate  farming  –  organic farming.
(2)  Size of land holding and productivity - Green Revolution and technological change - agricultural prices and terms of trade - farm subsidies–Public Distribution System - food security.
(3)  Regional  disparities  in  agricultural  growth  in  India–agri-business  and  global  marketing  - agricultural credit in India.
(4)  Sources of irrigation and water management - live-stock resource and their productivity - White Revolution, fisheries,  poultry, forestry,  horticulture and floriculture  development in India and Maharashtra.
(5)  Strategies  of  rural  development  during  the  plan  period-rural  infrastructure  (social  and economic)
(6)  W.T.O.  and  agriculture  -  Farmer’s  and  Breeder’s  Rights  -  biodiversity  -  GM technology. Implications of GATT (WTO) agreement in agricultural marketing.
(7)  Marketing and pricing of agricultural inputs and outputs,price fluctuations and their cost, role of co-operatives in agricultural economy.
2.5 Agriculture:
(1)  Importance  of  Agriculture  in  National  Economy -  Causes  of  low  productivity  -  Government policies, schemes and programmes for agriculture production and  developments  such as land reforms  and  land  utilisation,  soil  and  water  conservation,  rainfed  farming,  Irrigation  and  its methods, Mechanization of Agriculture. Role of ICAR, MCAER.
(2)  Problem of rural indebtedness, Agriculture credit- need, importance and Financial Institutions involved  therein.  NABARD  and  Bhu-Vikas  Bank.  Agriculture  pricing-  components,  factors affecting  prices  of  various  Agriculture  produces  -  Govt.  support  prices  of  various  agriculture produces, Subsidies. Agriculture Marketing - present status, Value added products. Role of Govt
and its institutes in agriculture marketing. (APC, APMC, etc.)
2.6  Food and Nutrition:
Trends in Food production and consumption in India, Firstand ensuing second Green Revolutions, Self-sufficiency  in  food,  Problem  of  food  security,  Problems and  issues  of  storage,  procurement, distribution, import and export of food. Calorific value  of foods and its measurement, Energy and nutrient needs of human body for better health and balanced diet - common nutritional problems in India and its causes and effects, Govt. Policies,  schemes, programs such as PDS, Food for work, Mid-day Meal Scheme and other nutritional programs. Proposed Food Security Act.
2.7  Indian Industry, Infrastructure and Services Sector:
(1)  Trends, composition and growth of industries, infrastructure and services sector in India - role of public, private and cooperative sectors in India - small and cottage industries. BPO.
(2)  Liberalisation and its effects on Indian industries - industrial sickness.

3.  SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENTS 3.1  Energy: Conventional  and  non-conventional  energy  sources  -  Potential  of  Solar,  Wind,  Biogas, Biomass, Geothermal and other renewable energy sources. Introduction to solar gadgets viz solar cooker, water heater etc. Biogas- principle, and process.Problems of Energy Crises, Govt. Policies and  programs  for  power  generation.  Nuclear  Power  Program,  Thermal  Power  Program, Hydroelectric  Power  program,  Power  distribution  and  National  Grid.  Agencies  and  Institutions engaged in Energy security, Research and development.
3.2  Computer  and  Information  Technology: Role  of  computer  in  modern  society,   its  applications  in various spheres of life such as data communication, networking and web technologies, Cyber crime and  its  prevention.  Use  of  I.T.  in  various  services,  Govt.  programs  such  as  Media  Lab  Asia,  Vidya Vahini, Gyan Vahini, Community Information Centre etc. Major issues in IT industry - its prospects.
3.3  Space  Technology: Indian  space  programmes,  Indian  Artificial  satellites  for  telecommunication, television,  education,  broadcasting,  weather  forecasting,  GPS,  disaster  warning.  Indian  missile program  etc.,  Remote  sensing,  GIS  and  its  application  in  weather  forecasting,  Disaster  warning, water, soil, mineral resources development, agriculture and fisheries development, urban planning, ecological studies, GS and GIS.
3.4  Biotechnology: Its  potential  to  improve  human  life  and  national  economy  through  agricultural, industrial development and employment generation. Biotechnology as an essential and important tool  of  natural  resource  development.  Areas  of  application -  Agriculture,  Animal  breeding  and Veterinary  health-care,  Pharmaceutics,  Human  healthcare,  Food  technology,  energy  generation, environment  protection  etc.  Role  and  efforts  of  government  in  promoting,  regulating  and developing  biotechnology  in  country.   Ethical,  Social,  Legal  issues  related  to  biotechnological development,  possible  adverse  effects  of  biotechnological  development.  Seed  technology,  its importance.  Quality  of  seed.  Different  kinds  of  seeds  and  their  seed  production  and  processing techniques. BT cotton, BT brinjal, etc.
3.5  Nuclear Policy of India:  Salient features. Nuclear Power as source of energy and its  significance as clean  energy.  Problems  of  nuclear  waste.  Nuclear  thermal  power  generation  in  India,  its contribution  to  total  power  generation.  Determinants  of  Nuclear  Tests:  Pokhran  I  (1974)  and Pokhran II (1998). Recent Trends in Nuclear Policy such as NPT(Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty) and CTBT (Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty). INDO-US Nuclear Treaty of 2009.
3.6  Disaster  Management: Definition,  nature,  types  and  classification  of  disasters,  Natural  Hazards: Causative factors and mitigation measures. Floods, earthquakes, tsunamis, landslides, etc., Factors affecting  mitigation  measures-  Case  studies  of  major  earthquakes  and  tsunamis  such  as  Killari (1993),  Bhuj  (2001),  Sikkim-Nepal  (2011)  earthquakes,  Banda  Ache (2004)  (Sumatra),  Fukushima (2011)  (Japan)  earthquakes  and  Tsunami.  Maharashtra:  Mumbai floods  of  2005.  December  1993, June 2006, November 2009, July 2011 bomb blasts and terrorist attacks, their impact.

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